Relative references: copying a formula down

In this lesson

1. 1. One formula

   The total for each item is the quantity times the price.

2. 2. Copy it down

   You do not need to type the formula again for each row.

   Copy it down with the fill handle, or use Ctrl+D (Mac: Cmd+D).

3. 3. Why it works

   Click D4 and look at the formula bar. It shows =B4*C4.

   Excel changed the row numbers when you copied down.

   Addresses that change like this are called relative references.

4. 4. Copy across

   Copying to the right changes the column letters instead.

   Add up the quantities, then copy the formula right.

5. 5. Try it yourself

   Prices go up by 10% next month.

Part of Excel Essentials. Short lessons with practice in a real spreadsheet, checked as you go.